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I own a business with offices in NJ. I do not own the properties or the buildings. Can I carry a handgun at these locations?

 

I did a search and came up with this:

 

2C:39-6. Exemptions.

 

...

 

e. Nothing in subsections b., c. and d. of N.J.S.2C:39-5 shall be construed to prevent a person keeping or carrying about his place of business, residence, premises or other land owned or possessed by him, any firearm, or from carrying the same, in the manner specified in subsection g. of this section, from any place of purchase to his residence or place of business, between his dwelling and his place of business, between one place of business or residence and another when moving, or between his dwelling or place of business and place where such firearms are repaired, for the purpose of repair. For the purposes of this section, a place of business shall be deemed to be a fixed location.

 

Thanks in advance.

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If the lease or rental agreement is in your name, you're considered to be "in possession" of the property, and may carry there as long as there's nothing in your lease that forbids it.

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If the lease or rental agreement is in your name, you're considered to be "in possession" of the property, and may carry there as long as there's nothing in your lease that forbids it.

 

It's an S-Corp. I am the owner of the corp. The lease is not in my name, it's in the name of the corp. I would guess most jewelers are in the same situation, with corps or partnerships.

 

Does that make a difference?

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I would think that as long as you are the owner of the corporation that means it is your place of business. I know some people in similar situations who transport their handgun daily to their business premises from their homes (unloaded in the trunk etc). They carry their gun at work and in some cases the police are aware of this. If they were going to be arrested it would have been years ago.

 

When I was a police officer (some time ago but same laws) we had a guy who owned a motel who open carried all the time. He was a PITA but there was nothing we could do as long as he was on his premises.

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When I worked in a local gun shop I lived in the same town and would open up store. I would carry cond. #1 to and fro. Was advised to by local PD.

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Yes except your problem would be you live in PA and I'm not sure that would fall under the exemption

 

I can't see why it would make a difference where his home is as long as he is going from home to business. The statute doesn't say NJ home.

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Yes except your problem would be you live in PA and I'm not sure that would fall under the exemption. I would look into the fact that it's not your home and it's not a range just a little food for though

 

I can't see anywhere that it say's you need to be a NJ resident to be able to Carry in your NJ business. I wouldn't read anything new into what is written, there is enough Grey area already.

 

That and some Family used to live in PA and owned a business in NJ and they had a handgun on the premises. It was there all the time locked in the big safe where they kept the money at night and out during the hours when they were open. Local PD knew they did this and they never said anything about it at all.

 

Harry

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Interesting that employers (business owners) can legally defend themselves in the workplace, while employees cannot. What's the logic in that?

 

So since I own a business, it sounds like I can bring my gun to work with me if I'm planning a trip to the range afterward, which would save me a trip home. Realizing that we are just expressing opinions, and not providing legal advice, would you guess that I'm OK leaving it in the car while I'm in the office, or would I need to bring it inside with me?

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Personally I wouldn't leave it in a car, I'd have with me at work if I was able to do so. I rather not subject my weapon and ammo to the temperature changes and feel I would have less of a chance of something happening to it if it was on my person.

 

Harry

 

 

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Out of curiosity, as I have asked this before without reply, other than saying "a place of business shall be deemed to be a fixed location." is 'place of business' defined? I see everyone is saying that you must be the business owner, and while am I not saying this is wrong, I am wondering where it states that. Some other statue unrelated to firearms specifically maybe? NJ statues aren't always in a practical order.

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I've often wondered what the situation is where someone is a private or independent contractor. Is your place

Of business where ever you happen to be working?

 

Do you possess the property you are working on? No? Doesn't qualify. Think of it this way, if someone else can order you off the property, you don't possess it. You can have an equal claim with others(family, co-owner) but if you have a lesser claim, you don't possess it. This is why a long term lease of a hotel room is good, an overnight stay is not. In the former, the ownership is subject to rental/lease agreement law including eviction notifications where as in the latter, they can escort you off the premises at their whim.

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Do you possess the property you are working on? No? Doesn't qualify. Think of it this way, if someone else can order you off the property, you don't possess it. You can have an equal claim with others(family, co-owner) but if you have a lesser claim, you don't possess it. This is why a long term lease of a hotel room is good, an overnight stay is not. In the former, the ownership is subject to rental/lease agreement law including eviction notifications where as in the latter, they can escort you off the premises at their whim.

 

Where are you pulling this information from if I might ask?

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Where are you pulling this information from if I might ask?

 

When we were arguing about hotel rooms a while back, I read pages and pages on possession. The above is a synthesis. There were some court cases that specifically mentioned lesser and greater claims to possession. Sorry, nothing specific, I was reading in findlaw and some other places and have long flushed those links.

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My employees would certainly give me a strange look if I started carrying at the shop............. What do you thing it would do for morale and productivity? ;)

 

They have seen all the ammo that I get shipped there, they say the boxes are HEAVY!

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Interesting that employers (business owners) can legally defend themselves in the workplace, while employees cannot. What's the logic in that?

 

So since I own a business, it sounds like I can bring my gun to work with me if I'm planning a trip to the range afterward, which would save me a trip home. Realizing that we are just expressing opinions, and not providing legal advice, would you guess that I'm OK leaving it in the car while I'm in the office, or would I need to bring it inside with me?

 

Your business would be treated similar as your home. For example, you returned home from the range but planned to go back later in the day. You drove home for lunch. Would you be able to keep your gun in your car parked in front of your house? Perhaps, but I think it's "more legal" to take it in your house or place of business.

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Out of curiosity, as I have asked this before without reply, other than saying "a place of business shall be deemed to be a fixed location." is 'place of business' defined? I see everyone is saying that you must be the business owner, and while am I not saying this is wrong, I am wondering where it states that.

 

Nobody?

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2c39-5 of criminal code addressed the illegal possession.. and -6 is exemptions.. exemption E being the relevant one in this situation.. the "firearms law" is only a FRACTION of the story.. 2c39 criminal code makes up the rest of the story.. as you can see fixed location is clearly spelled out..

 

 

 

e.Nothing in subsections b., c. and d. of N.J.S.2C:39-5 shall be construed to prevent a person keeping or carrying about his place of business, residence, premises or other land owned or possessed by him, any firearm, or from carrying the same, in the manner specified in subsection g. of this section, from any place of purchase to his residence or place of business, between his dwelling and his place of business, between one place of business or residence and another when moving, or between his dwelling or place of business and place where such firearms are repaired, for the purpose of repair. For the purposes of this section, a place of business shall be deemed to be a fixed location.

 

2C:39-5 Unlawful possession of weapons.

 

2C:39-5. Unlawful possession of weapons. a. Machine guns. Any person who knowingly has in his possession a machine gun or any instrument or device adaptable for use as a machine gun, without being licensed to do so as provided in N.J.S.2C:58-5, is guilty of a crime of the second degree.

 

b.Handguns. Any person who knowingly has in his possession any handgun, including any antique handgun, without first having obtained a permit to carry the same as provided in N.J.S.2C:58-4, is guilty of a crime of the third degree if the handgun is in the nature of an air gun, spring gun or pistol or other weapon of a similar nature in which the propelling force is a spring, elastic band, carbon dioxide, compressed or other gas or vapor, air or compressed air, or is ignited by compressed air, and ejecting a bullet or missile smaller than three-eighths of an inch in diameter, with sufficient force to injure a person. Otherwise it is a crime of the second degree.

 

c.Rifles and shotguns. (1) Any person who knowingly has in his possession any rifle or shotgun without having first obtained a firearms purchaser identification card in accordance with the provisions of N.J.S.2C:58-3, is guilty of a crime of the third degree.

 

(2)Unless otherwise permitted by law, any person who knowingly has in his possession any loaded rifle or shotgun is guilty of a crime of the third degree.

 

d.Other weapons. Any person who knowingly has in his possession any other weapon under circumstances not manifestly appropriate for such lawful uses as it may have is guilty of a crime of the fourth degree.

 

e.Firearms or other weapons in educational institutions.

 

(1)Any person who knowingly has in his possession any firearm in or upon any part of the buildings or grounds of any school, college, university or other educational institution, without the written authorization of the governing officer of the institution, is guilty of a crime of the third degree, irrespective of whether he possesses a valid permit to carry the firearm or a valid firearms purchaser identification card.

 

(2)Any person who knowingly possesses any weapon enumerated in paragraphs (3) and (4) of subsection r. of N.J.S.2C:39-1 or any components which can readily be assembled into a firearm or other weapon enumerated in subsection r. of N.J.S.2C:39-1 or any other weapon under circumstances not manifestly appropriate for such lawful use as it may have, while in or upon any part of the buildings or grounds of any school, college, university or other educational institution without the written authorization of the governing officer of the institution is guilty of a crime of the fourth degree.

 

(3)Any person who knowingly has in his possession any imitation firearm in or upon any part of the buildings or grounds of any school, college, university or other educational institution, without the written authorization of the governing officer of the institution, or while on any school bus is a disorderly person, irrespective of whether he possesses a valid permit to carry a firearm or a valid firearms purchaser identification card.

 

f.Assault firearms. Any person who knowingly has in his possession an assault firearm is guilty of a crime of the second degree except if the assault firearm is licensed pursuant to N.J.S.2C:58-5; registered pursuant to section 11 of P.L.1990, c.32 (C.2C:58-12); or rendered inoperable pursuant to section 12 of P.L.1990, c.32 (C.2C:58-13).

 

g. (1) The temporary possession of a handgun, rifle or shotgun by a person receiving, possessing, carrying or using the handgun, rifle, or shotgun under the provisions of section 1 of P.L.1992, c.74 (C.2C:58-3.1) shall not be considered unlawful possession under the provisions of subsection b. or c. of this section.

 

(2)The temporary possession of a firearm by a person receiving, possessing, carrying or using the firearm under the provisions of section 1 of P.L.1997, c.375 (C.2C:58-3.2) shall not be considered unlawful possession under the provisions of this section.

 

h.A person who is convicted of a crime under subsection a., b. or f. of this section shall be ineligible for participation in any program of intensive supervision; provided, however, that this provision shall not apply to a crime under subsection b. involving only a handgun which is in the nature of an air gun, spring gun or pistol or other weapon of a similar nature in which the propelling force is a spring, elastic band, carbon dioxide, compressed or other gas or vapor, air or compressed air, or is ignited by compressed air, and ejecting a bullet or missile smaller than three-eighths of an inch in diameter, with sufficient force to injure a person.

 

i.A person convicted of violating subsection a., b. or f. of this section shall be sentenced by the court to a term of imprisonment, which shall include the imposition of a minimum term during which the defendant shall be ineligible for parole, if the court finds that the aggravating circumstance set forth in paragraph (5) of subsection a. of N.J.S.2C:44-1 applies. The minimum term of parole ineligibility shall be fixed at five years. The sentencing court shall make a finding on the record as to whether the aggravating circumstance set forth in paragraph (5) of subsection a. of N.J.S.2C:44-1 applies, and the court shall presume that there is a substantial likelihood that the defendant is involved in organized criminal activity if there is a substantial likelihood that the defendant is a member of an organization or group that engages in criminal activity. The prosecution at the sentencing hearing shall have the initial burden of producing evidence or information concerning the defendant's membership in such an organization or group.

 

Amended 1979, c.179, s.4; 1990, c.32, s.2; 1992, c.74, s.2; 1992, c.94, s.1; 1995, c.389; 1997, c.375, s.2; 2007, c.284; 2009, c.13.

 

2C:39-6 Exemptions.

 

2C:39-6. a. Provided a person complies with the requirements of subsection j. of this section, N.J.S.2C:39-5 does not apply to:

 

(1)Members of the Armed Forces of the United States or of the National Guard while actually on duty, or while traveling between places of duty and carrying authorized weapons in the manner prescribed by the appropriate military authorities;

 

(2)Federal law enforcement officers, and any other federal officers and employees required to carry firearms in the performance of their official duties;

 

(3)Members of the State Police and, under conditions prescribed by the superintendent, members of the Marine Law Enforcement Bureau of the Division of State Police;

 

(4)A sheriff, undersheriff, sheriff's officer, county prosecutor, assistant prosecutor, prosecutor's detective or investigator, deputy attorney general or State investigator employed by the Division of Criminal Justice of the Department of Law and Public Safety, investigator employed by the State Commission of Investigation, inspector of the Alcoholic Beverage Control Enforcement Bureau of the Division of State Police in the Department of Law and Public Safety authorized to carry such weapons by the Superintendent of State Police, State park police officer, or State conservation officer;

 

(5)Except as hereinafter provided, a prison or jail warden of any penal institution in this State or his deputies, or an employee of the Department of Corrections engaged in the interstate transportation of convicted offenders, while in the performance of his duties, and when required to possess the weapon by his superior officer, or a corrections officer or keeper of a penal institution in this State at all times while in the State of New Jersey, provided he annually passes an examination approved by the superintendent testing his proficiency in the handling of firearms;

 

(6)A civilian employee of the United States Government under the supervision of the commanding officer of any post, camp, station, base or other military or naval installation located in this State who is required, in the performance of his official duties, to carry firearms, and who is authorized to carry such firearms by said commanding officer, while in the actual performance of his official duties;

 

(7) (a) A regularly employed member, including a detective, of the police department of any county or municipality, or of any State, interstate, municipal or county park police force or boulevard police force, at all times while in the State of New Jersey;

 

(b)A special law enforcement officer authorized to carry a weapon as provided in subsection b. of section 7 of P.L.1985, c.439 (C.40A:14-146.14);

 

©An airport security officer or a special law enforcement officer appointed by the governing body of any county or municipality, except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, or by the commission, board or other body having control of a county park or airport or boulevard police force, while engaged in the actual performance of his official duties and when specifically authorized by the governing body to carry weapons;

 

(8)A full-time, paid member of a paid or part-paid fire department or force of any municipality who is assigned full-time or part-time to an arson investigation unit created pursuant to section 1 of P.L.1981, c.409 (C.40A:14-7.1) or to the county arson investigation unit in the county prosecutor's office, while either engaged in the actual performance of arson investigation duties or while actually on call to perform arson investigation duties and when specifically authorized by the governing body or the county prosecutor, as the case may be, to carry weapons. Prior to being permitted to carry a firearm, such a member shall take and successfully complete a firearms training course administered by the Police Training Commission pursuant to P.L.1961, c.56 (C.52:17B-66 et seq.), and shall annually qualify in the use of a revolver or similar weapon prior to being permitted to carry a firearm;

 

(9)A juvenile corrections officer in the employment of the Juvenile Justice Commission established pursuant to section 2 of P.L.1995, c.284 (C.52:17B-170) subject to the regulations promulgated by the commission;

 

(10) A designated employee or designated licensed agent for a nuclear power plant under license of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, while in the actual performance of his official duties, if the federal licensee certifies that the designated employee or designated licensed agent is assigned to perform site protection, guard, armed response or armed escort duties and is appropriately trained and qualified, as prescribed by federal regulation, to perform those duties. Any firearm utilized by an employee or agent for a nuclear power plant pursuant to this paragraph shall be returned each day at the end of the employee's or agent's authorized official duties to the employee's or agent's supervisor. All firearms returned each day pursuant to this paragraph shall be stored in locked containers located in a secure area;

 

(11) A county corrections officer at all times while in the State of New Jersey, provided he annually passes an examination approved by the superintendent testing his proficiency in the handling of firearms.

 

b.Subsections a., b. and c. of N.J.S.2C:39-5 do not apply to:

 

(1)A law enforcement officer employed by a governmental agency outside of the State of New Jersey while actually engaged in his official duties, provided, however, that he has first notified the superintendent or the chief law enforcement officer of the municipality or the prosecutor of the county in which he is engaged; or

 

(2)A licensed dealer in firearms and his registered employees during the course of their normal business while traveling to and from their place of business and other places for the purpose of demonstration, exhibition or delivery in connection with a sale, provided, however, that the weapon is carried in the manner specified in subsection g. of this section.

 

c.Provided a person complies with the requirements of subsection j. of this section, subsections b. and c. of N.J.S.2C:39-5 do not apply to:

 

(1)A special agent of the Division of Taxation who has passed an examination in an approved police training program testing proficiency in the handling of any firearm which he may be required to carry, while in the actual performance of his official duties and while going to or from his place of duty, or any other police officer, while in the actual performance of his official duties;

 

(2)A State deputy conservation officer or a full-time employee of the Division of Parks and Forestry having the power of arrest and authorized to carry weapons, while in the actual performance of his official duties;

 

(3)(Deleted by amendment, P.L.1986, c.150.)

 

(4)A court attendant serving as such under appointment by the sheriff of the county or by the judge of any municipal court or other court of this State, while in the actual performance of his official duties;

 

(5)A guard in the employ of any railway express company, banking or building and loan or savings and loan institution of this State, while in the actual performance of his official duties;

 

(6)A member of a legally recognized military organization while actually under orders or while going to or from the prescribed place of meeting and carrying the weapons prescribed for drill, exercise or parade;

 

(7)A humane law enforcement officer of the New Jersey Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals or of a county society for the prevention of cruelty to animals, while in the actual performance of his duties;

 

(8)An employee of a public utilities corporation actually engaged in the transportation of explosives;

 

(9)A railway policeman, except a transit police officer of the New Jersey Transit Police Department, at all times while in the State of New Jersey, provided that he has passed an approved police academy training program consisting of at least 280 hours. The training program shall include, but need not be limited to, the handling of firearms, community relations, and juvenile relations;

 

(10) A campus police officer appointed under P.L.1970, c.211 (C.18A:6-4.2 et seq.) at all times. Prior to being permitted to carry a firearm, a campus police officer shall take and successfully complete a firearms training course administered by the Police Training Commission, pursuant to P.L.1961, c.56 (C.52:17B-66 et seq.), and shall annually qualify in the use of a revolver or similar weapon prior to being permitted to carry a firearm;

 

(11) (Deleted by amendment, P.L.2003, c.168).

 

(12) A transit police officer of the New Jersey Transit Police Department, at all times while in the State of New Jersey, provided the officer has satisfied the training requirements of the Police Training Commission, pursuant to subsection c. of section 2 of P.L.1989, c.291 (C.27:25-15.1);

 

(13) A parole officer employed by the State Parole Board at all times. Prior to being permitted to carry a firearm, a parole officer shall take and successfully complete a basic course for regular police officer training administered by the Police Training Commission, pursuant to P.L.1961, c.56 (C.52:17B-66 et seq.), and shall annually qualify in the use of a revolver or similar weapon prior to being permitted to carry a firearm;

 

(14) A Human Services police officer at all times while in the State of New Jersey, as authorized by the Commissioner of Human Services;

 

(15) A person or employee of any person who, pursuant to and as required by a contract with a governmental entity, supervises or transports persons charged with or convicted of an offense;

 

(16) A housing authority police officer appointed under P.L.1997, c.210 (C.40A:14-146.19 et al.) at all times while in the State of New Jersey; or

 

(17) A probation officer assigned to the "Probation Officer Community Safety Unit" created by section 2 of P.L.2001, c.362 (C.2B:10A-2) while in the actual performance of the probation officer's official duties. Prior to being permitted to carry a firearm, a probation officer shall take and successfully complete a basic course for regular police officer training administered by the Police Training Commission, pursuant to P.L.1961, c.56 (C.52:17B-66 et seq.), and shall annually qualify in the use of a revolver or similar weapon prior to being permitted to carry a firearm.

 

d. (1) Subsections c. and d. of N.J.S.2C:39-5 do not apply to antique firearms, provided that such antique firearms are unloaded or are being fired for the purposes of exhibition or demonstration at an authorized target range or in such other manner as has been approved in writing by the chief law enforcement officer of the municipality in which the exhibition or demonstration is held, or if not held on property under the control of a particular municipality, the superintendent.

 

(2)Subsection a. of N.J.S.2C:39-3 and subsection d. of N.J.S.2C:39-5 do not apply to an antique cannon that is capable of being fired but that is unloaded and immobile, provided that the antique cannon is possessed by (a) a scholastic institution, a museum, a municipality, a county or the State, or (b) a person who obtained a firearms purchaser identification card as specified in N.J.S.2C:58-3.

 

(3)Subsection a. of N.J.S.2C:39-3 and subsection d. of N.J.S.2C:39-5 do not apply to an unloaded antique cannon that is being transported by one eligible to possess it, in compliance with regulations the superintendent may promulgate, between its permanent location and place of purchase or repair.

 

(4)Subsection a. of N.J.S.2C:39-3 and subsection d. of N.J.S.2C:39-5 do not apply to antique cannons that are being loaded or fired by one eligible to possess an antique cannon, for purposes of exhibition or demonstration at an authorized target range or in the manner as has been approved in writing by the chief law enforcement officer of the municipality in which the exhibition or demonstration is held, or if not held on property under the control of a particular municipality, the superintendent, provided that performer has given at least 30 days' notice to the superintendent.

 

(5)Subsection a. of N.J.S.2C:39-3 and subsection d. of N.J.S.2C:39-5 do not apply to the transportation of unloaded antique cannons directly to or from exhibitions or demonstrations authorized under paragraph (4) of subsection d. of this section, provided that the transportation is in compliance with safety regulations the superintendent may promulgate. Nor do those subsections apply to transportation directly to or from exhibitions or demonstrations authorized under the law of another jurisdiction, provided that the superintendent has been given 30 days' notice and that the transportation is in compliance with safety regulations the superintendent may promulgate.

 

e.Nothing in subsections b., c. and d. of N.J.S.2C:39-5 shall be construed to prevent a person keeping or carrying about his place of business, residence, premises or other land owned or possessed by him, any firearm, or from carrying the same, in the manner specified in subsection g. of this section, from any place of purchase to his residence or place of business, between his dwelling and his place of business, between one place of business or residence and another when moving, or between his dwelling or place of business and place where such firearms are repaired, for the purpose of repair. For the purposes of this section, a place of business shall be deemed to be a fixed location.

 

f.Nothing in subsections b., c. and d. of N.J.S.2C:39-5 shall be construed to prevent:

 

(1)A member of any rifle or pistol club organized in accordance with the rules prescribed by the National Board for the Promotion of Rifle Practice, in going to or from a place of target practice, carrying such firearms as are necessary for said target practice, provided that the club has filed a copy of its charter with the superintendent and annually submits a list of its members to the superintendent and provided further that the firearms are carried in the manner specified in subsection g. of this section;

 

(2)A person carrying a firearm or knife in the woods or fields or upon the waters of this State for the purpose of hunting, target practice or fishing, provided that the firearm or knife is legal and appropriate for hunting or fishing purposes in this State and he has in his possession a valid hunting license, or, with respect to fresh water fishing, a valid fishing license;

 

(3)A person transporting any firearm or knife while traveling:

 

(a)Directly to or from any place for the purpose of hunting or fishing, provided the person has in his possession a valid hunting or fishing license; or

 

(b)Directly to or from any target range, or other authorized place for the purpose of practice, match, target, trap or skeet shooting exhibitions, provided in all cases that during the course of the travel all firearms are carried in the manner specified in subsection g. of this section and the person has complied with all the provisions and requirements of Title 23 of the Revised Statutes and any amendments thereto and all rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; or

 

©In the case of a firearm, directly to or from any exhibition or display of firearms which is sponsored by any law enforcement agency, any rifle or pistol club, or any firearms collectors club, for the purpose of displaying the firearms to the public or to the members of the organization or club, provided, however, that not less than 30 days prior to the exhibition or display, notice of the exhibition or display shall be given to the Superintendent of the State Police by the sponsoring organization or club, and the sponsor has complied with such reasonable safety regulations as the superintendent may promulgate. Any firearms transported pursuant to this section shall be transported in the manner specified in subsection g. of this section;

 

(4)A person from keeping or carrying about a private or commercial aircraft or any boat, or from transporting to or from such vessel for the purpose of installation or repair a visual distress signaling device approved by the United States Coast Guard.

 

g.All weapons being transported under paragraph (2) of subsection b., subsection e., or paragraph (1) or (3) of subsection f. of this section shall be carried unloaded and contained in a closed and fastened case, gunbox, securely tied package, or locked in the trunk of the automobile in which it is being transported, and in the course of travel shall include only such deviations as are reasonably necessary under the circumstances.

 

h.Nothing in subsection d. of N.J.S.2C:39-5 shall be construed to prevent any employee of a public utility, as defined in R.S.48:2-13, doing business in this State or any United States Postal Service employee, while in the actual performance of duties which specifically require regular and frequent visits to private premises, from possessing, carrying or using any device which projects, releases or emits any substance specified as being noninjurious to canines or other animals by the Commissioner of Health and Senior Services and which immobilizes only on a temporary basis and produces only temporary physical discomfort through being vaporized or otherwise dispensed in the air for the sole purpose of repelling canine or other animal attacks.

 

The device shall be used solely to repel only those canine or other animal attacks when the canines or other animals are not restrained in a fashion sufficient to allow the employee to properly perform his duties.

 

Any device used pursuant to this act shall be selected from a list of products, which consist of active and inert ingredients, permitted by the Commissioner of Health and Senior Services.

 

i.Nothing in N.J.S.2C:39-5 shall be construed to prevent any person who is 18 years of age or older and who has not been convicted of a felony, from possession for the purpose of personal self-defense of one pocket-sized device which contains and releases not more than three-quarters of an ounce of chemical substance not ordinarily capable of lethal use or of inflicting serious bodily injury, but rather, is intended to produce temporary physical discomfort or disability through being vaporized or otherwise dispensed in the air. Any person in possession of any device in violation of this subsection shall be deemed and adjudged to be a disorderly person, and upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not less than $100.00.

 

j.A person shall qualify for an exemption from the provisions of N.J.S.2C:39-5, as specified under subsections a. and c. of this section, if the person has satisfactorily completed a firearms training course approved by the Police Training Commission.

 

Such exempt person shall not possess or carry a firearm until the person has satisfactorily completed a firearms training course and shall annually qualify in the use of a revolver or similar weapon. For purposes of this subsection, a "firearms training course" means a course of instruction in the safe use, maintenance and storage of firearms which is approved by the Police Training Commission. The commission shall approve a firearms training course if the requirements of the course are substantially equivalent to the requirements for firearms training provided by police training courses which are certified under section 6 of P.L.1961, c.56 (C.52:17B-71). A person who is specified in paragraph (1), (2), (3) or (6) of subsection a. of this section shall be exempt from the requirements of this subsection.

 

k.Nothing in subsection d. of N.J.S.2C:39-5 shall be construed to prevent any financial institution, or any duly authorized personnel of the institution, from possessing, carrying or using for the protection of money or property, any device which projects, releases or emits tear gas or other substances intended to produce temporary physical discomfort or temporary identification.

 

l.Nothing in subsection b. of N.J.S.2C:39-5 shall be construed to prevent a law enforcement officer who retired in good standing, including a retirement because of a disability pursuant to section 6 of P.L.1944, c.255 (C.43:16A-6), section 7 of P.L.1944, c.255 (C.43:16A-7), section 1 of P.L.1989, c.103 (C.43:16A-6.1) or any substantially similar statute governing the disability retirement of federal law enforcement officers, provided the officer was a regularly employed, full-time law enforcement officer for an aggregate of four or more years prior to his disability retirement and further provided that the disability which constituted the basis for the officer's retirement did not involve a certification that the officer was mentally incapacitated for the performance of his usual law enforcement duties and any other available duty in the department which his employer was willing to assign to him or does not subject that retired officer to any of the disabilities set forth in subsection c. of N.J.S.2C:58-3 which would disqualify the retired officer from possessing or carrying a firearm, who semi-annually qualifies in the use of the handgun he is permitted to carry in accordance with the requirements and procedures established by the Attorney General pursuant to subsection j. of this section and pays the actual costs associated with those semi-annual qualifications, who is 75 years of age or younger, and who was regularly employed as a full-time member of the State Police; a full-time member of an interstate police force; a full-time member of a county or municipal police department in this State; a full-time member of a State law enforcement agency; a full-time sheriff, undersheriff or sheriff's officer of a county of this State; a full-time State or county corrections officer; a full-time county park police officer; a full-time county prosecutor's detective or investigator; a full-time federal law enforcement officer; or is a qualified retired law enforcement officer, as used in the federal "Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act of 2004," Pub.L. 108-277, domiciled in this State from carrying a handgun in the same manner as law enforcement officers exempted under paragraph (7) of subsection a. of this section under the conditions provided herein:

 

(1)The retired law enforcement officer shall make application in writing to the Superintendent of State Police for approval to carry a handgun for one year. An application for annual renewal shall be submitted in the same manner.

 

(2)Upon receipt of the written application of the retired law enforcement officer, the superintendent shall request a verification of service from the chief law enforcement officer of the organization in which the retired officer was last regularly employed as a full-time law enforcement officer prior to retiring. The verification of service shall include:

 

(a)The name and address of the retired officer;

 

(b)The date that the retired officer was hired and the date that the officer retired;

 

©A list of all handguns known to be registered to that officer;

 

(d)A statement that, to the reasonable knowledge of the chief law enforcement officer, the retired officer is not subject to any of the restrictions set forth in subsection c. of N.J.S.2C:58-3; and

 

(e)A statement that the officer retired in good standing.

 

(3)If the superintendent approves a retired officer's application or reapplication to carry a handgun pursuant to the provisions of this subsection, the superintendent shall notify in writing the chief law enforcement officer of the municipality wherein that retired officer resides. In the event the retired officer resides in a municipality which has no chief law enforcement officer or law enforcement agency, the superintendent shall maintain a record of the approval.

 

(4)The superintendent shall issue to an approved retired officer an identification card permitting the retired officer to carry a handgun pursuant to this subsection. This identification card shall be valid for one year from the date of issuance and shall be valid throughout the State. The identification card shall not be transferable to any other person. The identification card shall be carried at all times on the person of the retired officer while the retired officer is carrying a handgun. The retired officer shall produce the identification card for review on the demand of any law enforcement officer or authority.

 

(5)Any person aggrieved by the denial of the superintendent of approval for a permit to carry a handgun pursuant to this subsection may request a hearing in the Superior Court of New Jersey in the county in which he resides by filing a written request for such a hearing within 30 days of the denial. Copies of the request shall be served upon the superintendent and the county prosecutor. The hearing shall be held within 30 days of the filing of the request, and no formal pleading or filing fee shall be required. Appeals from the determination of such a hearing shall be in accordance with law and the rules governing the courts of this State.

 

(6)A judge of the Superior Court may revoke a retired officer's privilege to carry a handgun pursuant to this subsection for good cause shown on the application of any interested person. A person who becomes subject to any of the disabilities set forth in subsection c. of N.J.S.2C:58-3 shall surrender, as prescribed by the superintendent, his identification card issued under paragraph (4) of this subsection to the chief law enforcement officer of the municipality wherein he resides or the superintendent, and shall be permanently disqualified to carry a handgun under this subsection.

 

(7)The superintendent may charge a reasonable application fee to retired officers to offset any costs associated with administering the application process set forth in this subsection.

 

m.Nothing in subsection d. of N.J.S.2C:39-5 shall be construed to prevent duly authorized personnel of the New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife, while in the actual performance of duties, from possessing, transporting or using any device that projects, releases or emits any substance specified as being non-injurious to wildlife by the Director of the Division of Animal Health in the Department of Agriculture, and which may immobilize wildlife and produces only temporary physical discomfort through being vaporized or otherwise dispensed in the air for the purpose of repelling bear or other animal attacks or for the aversive conditioning of wildlife.

 

n.Nothing in subsection b., c., d. or e. of N.J.S.2C:39-5 shall be construed to prevent duly authorized personnel of the New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife, while in the actual performance of duties, from possessing, transporting or using hand held pistol-like devices, rifles or shotguns that launch pyrotechnic missiles for the sole purpose of frightening, hazing or aversive conditioning of nuisance or depredating wildlife; from possessing, transporting or using rifles, pistols or similar devices for the sole purpose of chemically immobilizing wild or non-domestic animals; or, provided the duly authorized person complies with the requirements of subsection j. of this section, from possessing, transporting or using rifles or shotguns, upon completion of a Police Training Commission approved training course, in order to dispatch injured or dangerous animals or for non-lethal use for the purpose of frightening, hazing or aversive conditioning of nuisance or depredating wildlife.

 

Amended 1979, c.179, s.5; 1979, c.332, s.8; 1981, c.108, s.1; 1981, c.219, s.1; 1981, c.294, s.1; 1981, c.409, s.2; 1981, c.480, s.1; 1981, c.511, s.4; 1982, c.154, s.1; 1982, c.173, s.1; 1983, c.479, s.3; 1983, c.552; 1985, c.76, s.8; 1985, c.150, s.1; 1985, c.324, s.1 (s.3 eff. date amended 1986, c.64); 1985, c.376, s.1; 1985, c.439, s.13,(s.15 eff. date amended 1986, c.2); 1986, c.150, ss.7,8; 1987, c.139; 1987, c.172; 1989, c.291, s.4; 1991, c.327, s.2; 1991, c.386, s.3; 1992, c.94, s.2; 1993, c.246, s.2; 1995, c.273, s.2; 1995, c.280, s.21; 1997, c.67, s.1; 1997, c.210, s.6; 1997, c.393; 2001, c.79, s.15; 2001, c.362, s.4; 2003, c.168, s.2; 2005, c.216, s.1; 2005, c.372, s.14; 2007, c.313; 2007, c.314.

 

2C:39-7 Certain persons not to have weapons.

 

6.Certain Persons Not to Have Weapons.

 

a.Except as provided in subsection b. of this section, any person, having been convicted in this State or elsewhere of the crime of aggravated assault, arson, burglary, escape, extortion, homicide, kidnapping, robbery, aggravated sexual assault, sexual assault, bias intimidation in violation of N.J.S.2C:16-1 or endangering the welfare of a child pursuant to N.J.S.2C:24-4, whether or not armed with or having in his possession any weapon enumerated in subsection r. of N.J.S.2C:39-1, or any person convicted of a crime pursuant to the provisions of N.J.S.2C:39-3, N.J.S.2C:39-4 or N.J.S.2C:39-9, or any person who has ever been committed for a mental disorder to any hospital, mental institution or sanitarium unless he possesses a certificate of a medical doctor or psychiatrist licensed to practice in New Jersey or other satisfactory proof that he is no longer suffering from a mental disorder which interferes with or handicaps him in the handling of a firearm, or any person who has been convicted of other than a disorderly persons or petty disorderly persons offense for the unlawful use, possession or sale of a controlled dangerous substance as defined in N.J.S.2C:35-2 who purchases, owns, possesses or controls any of the said weapons is guilty of a crime of the fourth degree.

 

b. (1) A person having been convicted in this State or elsewhere of the crime of aggravated assault, arson, burglary, escape, extortion, homicide, kidnapping, robbery, aggravated sexual assault, sexual assault, bias intimidation in violation of N.J.S.2C:16-1, endangering the welfare of a child pursuant to N.J.S.2C:24-4, stalking pursuant to P.L.1992, c.209 (C.2C:12-10) or a crime involving domestic violence as defined in section 3 of P.L.1991, c.261 (C.2C:25-19), whether or not armed with or having in his possession a weapon enumerated in subsection r. of N.J.S.2C:39-1, or a person having been convicted of a crime pursuant to the provisions of N.J.S.2C:35-3 through N.J.S.2C:35-6, inclusive; section 1 of P.L.1987, c.101 (C.2C:35-7); N.J.S.2C:35-11; N.J.S.2C:39-3; N.J.S.2C:39-4; or N.J.S.2C:39-9 who purchases, owns, possesses or controls a firearm is guilty of a crime of the second degree and upon conviction thereof, the person shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment by the court. The term of imprisonment shall include the imposition of a minimum term, which shall be fixed at five years, during which the defendant shall be ineligible for parole. If the defendant is sentenced to an extended term of imprisonment pursuant to N.J.S.2C:43-7, the extended term of imprisonment shall include the imposition of a minimum term, which shall be fixed at, or between, one-third and one-half of the sentence imposed by the court or five years, whichever is greater, during which the defendant shall be ineligible for parole.

 

(2)A person having been convicted in this State or elsewhere of a disorderly persons offense involving domestic violence, whether or not armed with or having in his possession a weapon enumerated in subsection r. of N.J.S.2C:39-1, who purchases, owns, possesses or controls a firearm is guilty of a crime of the third degree.

 

(3)A person whose firearm is seized pursuant to the "Prevention of Domestic Violence Act of 1991," P.L.1991,c.261 (C.2C:25-17 et seq.) and whose firearm has not been returned, or who is subject to a court order prohibiting the possession of firearms issued pursuant to the "Prevention of Domestic Violence Act of 1991," P.L.1991,c.261 (C.2C:25-17 et seq.) who purchases, owns, possesses or controls a firearm is guilty of a crime of the third degree, except that the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to any law enforcement officer while actually on duty, or to any member of the Armed Forces of the United States or member of the National Guard while actually on duty or traveling to or from an authorized place of duty.

 

c.Whenever any person shall have been convicted in another state, territory, commonwealth or other jurisdiction of the United States, or any country in the world, in a court of competent jurisdiction, of a crime which in said other jurisdiction or country is comparable to one of the crimes enumerated in subsection a. or b. of this section, then that person shall be subject to the provisions of this section.

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e.Nothing in subsections b., c. and d. of N.J.S.2C:39-5 shall be construed to prevent a person keeping or carrying about his place of business, residence, premises or other land owned or possessed by him, any firearm, or from carrying the same, in the manner specified in subsection g. of this section, from any place of purchase to his residence or place of business, between his dwelling and his place of business, between one place of business or residence and another when moving, or between his dwelling or place of business and place where such firearms are repaired, for the purpose of repair. For the purposes of this section, a place of business shall be deemed to be a fixed location.

 

 

Ok, no definition of "place of business" But:

 

e. Applications. Applications for permits to purchase a handgun and for firearms purchaser identification cards shall be in the form prescribed by the superintendent and shall set forth the name, residence, place of business, age, date of birth, occupation, sex and physical description, including distinguishing physical characteristics, if any, of the applicant, and shall state whether the applicant is a citizen, whether he is an alcoholic, habitual drunkard, drug dependent person as defined in section 2 of P.L.1970, c.226 (C.24:21-2), whether he has ever been confined or committed to a mental institution or hospital for treatment

 

One could argue that you could keep or carry any firearm at the place of business you listed on your FID application.

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e.Nothing in subsections b., c. and d. of N.J.S.2C:39-5 shall be construed to prevent a person keeping or carrying about his place of business, residence, premises or other land owned or possessed by him, any firearm, or from carrying the same, in the manner specified in subsection g. of this section, from any place of purchase to his residence or place of business, between his dwelling and his place of business, between one place of business or residence and another when moving, or between his dwelling or place of business and place where such firearms are repaired, for the purpose of repair. For the purposes of this section, a place of business shall be deemed to be a fixed location.

 

 

Ok, no definition of "place of business" But:

 

e. Applications. Applications for permits to purchase a handgun and for firearms purchaser identification cards shall be in the form prescribed by the superintendent and shall set forth the name, residence, place of business, age, date of birth, occupation, sex and physical description, including distinguishing physical characteristics, if any, of the applicant, and shall state whether the applicant is a citizen, whether he is an alcoholic, habitual drunkard, drug dependent person as defined in section 2 of P.L.1970, c.226 (C.24:21-2), whether he has ever been confined or committed to a mental institution or hospital for treatment

 

One could argue that you could keep or carry any firearm at the place of business you listed on your FID application.

not sure I get the point you are making..

 

most businesses have strict no weapons policies..

it specifically says "his place of business" one would assume that means that you own the business.. I can not fathom an instance where carrying a gun in a workplace (that you were not the owner) would net you anything but a major problem should the instance of use arise..

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Ok vladtepes,

 

I understand there are a number of exemptions. I am asking, specifically, if besides the quoted, (your highlighted) part, if "place of business" is defined. Nothing besides what you have highlighted, defines it. What it does talk about, is those that can carry, where those few places listed don't even have to apply, and those that cannot carry, because they cannot posses a firearm. The one thing that does apply, is subsection g.

 

"g.All weapons being transported under paragraph (2) of subsection b., subsection e., or paragraph (1) or (3) of subsection f. of this section shall be carried unloaded and contained in a closed and fastened case, gunbox, securely tied package, or locked in the trunk of the automobile in which it is being transported, and in the course of travel shall include only such deviations as are reasonably necessary under the circumstances."

 

What does that mean? It means that you have to follow those transportation rules we know so well. That certainly doesn't define fixed location.

 

So again, if office A is my place of business, and I go from my house, traveling with my firearms as per subsection g (above), then I should be able to carry in office A. Where does it say that I have to be the building owner or business owner of the business in office A?

 

That is my question. I have yet to see it say that anywhere.

 

Ok, no definition of "place of business" But:

 

e. Applications. Applications for permits to purchase a handgun and for firearms purchaser identification cards shall be in the form prescribed by the superintendent and shall set forth the name, residence, place of business, age, date of birth, occupation, sex and physical description, including distinguishing physical characteristics, if any, of the applicant, and shall state whether the applicant is a citizen, whether he is an alcoholic, habitual drunkard, drug dependent person as defined in section 2 of P.L.1970, c.226 (C.24:21-2), whether he has ever been confined or committed to a mental institution or hospital for treatment

 

 

One could argue that you could keep or carry any firearm at the place of business you listed on your FID application.

 

Excellent point. As it is not defined, and the same terminology is used, I would interpret that as such as well, as long as that address was not something like your van....

 

and the law pretty clearly says you can NOT have it "except here"

 

Exactly. And if that is your place of business, then you are good to go, because that is one of the 3 places. It does NOT say, place of business YOU OWN.

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Ok vladtepes,

 

I understand there are a number of exemptions. I am asking, specifically, if besides the quoted, (your highlighted) part, if "place of business" is defined. Nothing besides what you have highlighted, defines it. What it does talk about, is those that can carry, where those few places listed don't even have to apply, and those that cannot carry, because they cannot posses a firearm. The one thing that does apply, is subsection g.

 

"g.All weapons being transported under paragraph (2) of subsection b., subsection e., or paragraph (1) or (3) of subsection f. of this section shall be carried unloaded and contained in a closed and fastened case, gunbox, securely tied package, or locked in the trunk of the automobile in which it is being transported, and in the course of travel shall include only such deviations as are reasonably necessary under the circumstances."

 

What does that mean? It means that you have to follow those transportation rules we know so well. That certainly doesn't define fixed location.

 

So again, if office A is my place of business, and I go from my house, traveling with my firearms as per subsection g (above), then I should be able to carry in office A. Where does it say that I have to be the building owner or business owner of the business in office A?

 

That is my question. I have yet to see it say that anywhere.

 

 

 

Excellent point. As it is not defined, and the same terminology is used, I would interpret that as such as well, as long as that address was not something like your van....

 

most places of work have policies prohibiting weapons..

if your work environment prohibits weapons.. then as part of your employment you are not authorized to have the gun there..

this means if something happens.. good luck..

 

further.. we all know the deal.. NJ does NOT want you to carry a gun.. period.. if you believe this to be some magic loophole.. then by all means.. go for it.. just offering my opinion.. and it is worth exactly what you paid for it..

 

I get your point.. and for me.. not worth the risk.. where are you employed that carrying a gun during the course of business would be useful.. to the point that if needed you could act without fear of repercussion.. not trying to be confrontational.. I have ready the law up and down.. many times over.. I just don't see what you see here I guess..

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It's not a matter of advocating that carrying at your place of business is legal. No one does it except owners so I assume that is the law but the law doesn't really say it unless it was defined someplace else. Does Nappen say anything about his in his book?

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Ok vladtepes,

 

I understand there are a number of exemptions. I am asking, specifically, if besides the quoted, (your highlighted) part, if "place of business" is defined. Nothing besides what you have highlighted, defines it. What it does talk about, is those that can carry, where those few places listed don't even have to apply, and those that cannot carry, because they cannot posses a firearm. The one thing that does apply, is subsection g.

 

"g.All weapons being transported under paragraph (2) of subsection b., subsection e., or paragraph (1) or (3) of subsection f. of this section shall be carried unloaded and contained in a closed and fastened case, gunbox, securely tied package, or locked in the trunk of the automobile in which it is being transported, and in the course of travel shall include only such deviations as are reasonably necessary under the circumstances."

 

What does that mean? It means that you have to follow those transportation rules we know so well. That certainly doesn't define fixed location.

 

So again, if office A is my place of business, and I go from my house, traveling with my firearms as per subsection g (above), then I should be able to carry in office A. Where does it say that I have to be the building owner or business owner of the business in office A?

 

That is my question. I have yet to see it say that anywhere.

 

 

 

Excellent point. As it is not defined, and the same terminology is used, I would interpret that as such as well, as long as that address was not something like your van....

 

 

 

Exactly. And if that is your place of business, then you are good to go, because that is one of the 3 places. It does NOT say, place of business YOU OWN.

 

it says "to HIS place of business" when something is not clearly defined in the law.. I would say logic says to take the literal definition.. HIS means possession.. OWNERSHIP.. place of business does NOT mean JOB.. or WORK.. it literally means ESTABLISHMENT.. a PLACE.. put the two together.. and you will understand why people say it is business OWNERS...

 

his

   [hiz; unstressed iz] Show IPA

pronoun

1.

the possessive form of he (used as an attributive or predicative adjective): His coat is the brown one. This brown coat is his. Do you mind his speaking first?

2.

that or those belonging to him: His was the cleverest remark of all. I borrowed a tie of his.

 

place of business

noun

an establishment (a factory or an assembly plant or retail store or warehouse etc.) where business is conducted, goods are made or stored or processed or where services are rendered

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The state law uses the term "place of business" twice in the statues. Once to say that you have to reveal your place of business on the FID application then again giving an exemption to possess at your place of business.

 

It is inferring too much to assume that "his place of business" means that he owns the business with regard to possession in one paragraph but has a different meaning a few paragraphs later.

 

I fully agree with you that a major problem would arise and I know my employer has a strict no weapons policy. But, it is criminal to possess at my place of business? Does Nappen speak to this in his book?

 

what nappen says is irrelevant.. he is simply a lawyer with an opinion.. unless he is standing next to you in court.. his opinion is not worth a whole lot.. no disrespect to him.. I am sure he knows a ton more than I will ever know.. but again.. he is just a guy.. with an opinion..

 

and further.. you hit the nail on the head.. so you can NOT have weapons at work.. so why is this even relevant.. why even be concerned about something that is moot for most normal employees.. you can't have it there.. you can't use it to defend yourself.. so what is the point?

 

NJ law does not define MANY of the words it uses.. it assumes people understand the definition of things.. if it does NOT clearly define a word you must just look at the standard accepted definition of the word to grasp what the law says... and the word his indicates possession.. so how can you not assume that the law is indicating that you OWN the business..

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most places of work have policies prohibiting weapons..

if your work environment prohibits weapons.. then as part of your employment you are not authorized to have the gun there..

this means if something happens.. good luck..

 

further.. we all know the deal.. NJ does NOT want you to carry a gun.. period.. if you believe this to be some magic loophole.. then by all means.. go for it.. just offering my opinion.. and it is worth exactly what you paid for it..

 

I get your point.. and for me.. not worth the risk.. where are you employed that carrying a gun during the course of business would be useful.. to the point that if needed you could act without fear of repercussion.. not trying to be confrontational.. I have ready the law up and down.. many times over.. I just don't see what you see here I guess..

 

I am not taking it as confrontational, don't worry. :)

 

I wasn't saying it is a good idea, or that I do or would do it, I was just wondering where people were coming from when they said it has to be the owner. I assumed it was written somewhere. I also don't think it is some loophole.

 

it says "to HIS place of business" when something is not clearly defined in the law.. I would say logic says to take the literal definition.. HIS means possession.. OWNERSHIP.. place of business does NOT mean JOB.. or WORK.. it literally means ESTABLISHMENT.. a PLACE.. put the two together.. and you will understand why people say it is business OWNERS...

 

Understood. All you really had to do was say "I interpret 'his place of business' to mean that it is literally his business, or in otherwords, you are the business owner". That I completely understand, and can see how people would see that, and why they would say it that way. I get that. It makes sense.

 

I was going to stop here, but then you quoted a definition I could see as potentially contrary to that, so I'll play devils advocate again. :D

 

an establishment (a factory or an assembly plant or retail store or warehouse etc.) where business is conducted, goods are made or stored or processed or where services are rendered

 

Sounds kind of like a fixed location (that's good, because that is what the statue says!), where people work (the services rendered part), and business takes place (conducted). Doesn't specify by whom. So if I worked at said establishment, giving my services, then would that not be my place of business?

 

I'm just saying, where you see it one way, to mean one thing, it could be seen another way, to mean something different. Who is right? I haven't a clue. Now if there happens to be some case law to support one side or the other, that is a different story. In fact, if there is, that is kind of what I was asking to see in the first place!

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I am not taking it as confrontational, don't worry. :)

 

I wasn't saying it is a good idea, or that I do or would do it, I was just wondering where people were coming from when they said it has to be the owner. I assumed it was written somewhere. I also don't think it is some loophole.

 

 

 

Understood. All you really had to do was say "I interpret 'his place of business' to mean that it is literally his business, or in otherwords, you are the business owner". That I completely understand, and can see how people would see that, and why they would say it that way. I get that. It makes sense.

 

I was going to stop here, but then you quoted a definition I could see as potentially contrary to that, so I'll play devils advocate again. :D

 

 

 

Sounds kind of like a fixed location (that's good, because that is what the statue says!), where people work (the services rendered part), and business takes place (conducted). Doesn't specify by whom. So if I worked at said establishment, giving my services, then would that not be my place of business?

 

I'm just saying, where you see it one way, to mean one thing, it could be seen another way, to mean something different. Who is right? I haven't a clue. Now if there happens to be some case law to support one side or the other, that is a different story. In fact, if there is, that is kind of what I was asking to see in the first place!

 

 

I find the word His to show ownership as defined... I hear what you are saying.. but as discussed I see no reasonable situation that would make it worth it to me to take any kind of chance based simply on the "word play" of 3 words.. lol hell they make security guards be licensed to carry a gun.. at work.. if you as an employee could just carry a gun at work.. there would be no need for that certification.. so as stated.. pretty sure they are using his as an ownership word..

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